Capture One
Paid
Photo Editing & RAW
Pro RAW editor with tethered capture, layer-based local edits and 30+ years of color science
replaces:Adobe Photoshop·Adobe Lightroom·Affinity Photo
Denmark
DPA EU data
darktable
Open source
Photo Editing & RAW
Open-source RAW developer with non-destructive edits, scene-referred color and OpenCL acceleration
replaces:Adobe Photoshop·Adobe Lightroom·Affinity Photo
Germany
DPA EU data Open Self-host
DxO PhotoLab
Paid
Photo Editing & RAW
RAW editor with DeepPRIME ML noise reduction and lab-measured optical correction modules
replaces:Adobe Photoshop·Adobe Lightroom·Affinity Photo
France
DPA EU data
Excire
Paid
Photo Editing & RAW
AI photo manager with auto-tagging, text search, face recognition and duplicate detection
replaces:Adobe Photoshop·Adobe Lightroom·Affinity Photo
Germany
DPA EU data